‘So, this will do for you guys’: A closer look at Maine’s Part C rural service delivery


Abstract views: 71 / PDF downloads: 28

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37291/2717638X.202453424

Keywords:

Rurality, Early intervention, Family-centered strategies

Abstract

This study examines family-centered strategies used by Maine’s Part C early intervention providers to support families residing in rural communities who may be experiencing vulnerabilities. Through focus groups, early intervention providers shared strategies and barriers when supporting families. Rurality-focused segments impacting early intervention services were identified in the following themes: (a) teaming and collaboration, (b) professional learning, (c) Part C implementation, and (d) resources and services. State funding and policies that focus on rurality may be an important contributing factor to strengthening structural inequities and increasing recruitment and retention of providers in rural areas.

References

Bronfenbrenner, U. (2005). The bioecological theory of human development (2001). In U. Bronfenbrenner (Ed.), Making human beings human: Bioecological perspectives on human development (pp. 3–15). Sage Publications Ltd.

Bruder, M. B., & Dunst, C. J. (2005). Personnel preparation in recommended early intervention practices: Degree of emphasis across disciplines. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 25(1), 25-33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/02711214050250010301

Bruder, M. B., Gundler, D., Stayton, V., & Kemp, P. (2021). The Early Childhood Personnel Center: Building capacity to improve outcomes for infants and young children with disabilities and their families. Infants & Young Children, 34(2), 69–82. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/IYC.0000000000000191

Campbell, P. H., Chiarello, L., Wilcox, M. J., & Milbourne, S. (2009). Preparing therapists as effective practitioners in early intervention. Infants & Young Children, 22(1), 21–31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/01.IYC.0000343334.26904.92

Collins, B. C., Leahy, M. M., & Ault, M. J. (2017). Guidelines for becoming a teacher leader in rural special education. Rural Special Education Quarterly, 36(4), 204-213. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/8756870517732038

Cornish, F., Gillespie, A., & Zittoun, T. (2013). Collaborative analysis of qualitative data. In Flick, U. (Ed.). The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Data Analysis (pp. 79-93). Sage Publications Ltd. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446282243.n6

Council for Exceptional Children of The Division for Early Childhood. (2020). Initial practice-based professional preparation standards for early interventionists/early childhood special educators (EI/ECSE) (initial birth through age 8). https://www.dec-sped.org/_files/ugd/95f212_4d9c51a4b6e54e67a2ba1df3541903da.pdf?index=true

Cummings, K. P., Hardin, B. J., & Meadan, H. (2017). Understanding parental engagement in early learning opportunities for families in rural communities. Rural Special Education Quarterly, 36(3), 116–127. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/8756870517717951

Decker, K. B., Feigel, A. J., Foster, T. D., & Kepl, R. L. (2022). “Press on, continue on”: Rural parents’ experiences of transitions within early intervention. Rural Special Education Quarterly, 41(4), 197-210. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/87568705221097080

Decker, K. B., Meldrum, J., Vaterlaus, J. M., & Foster, T. D. (2020). Parents’ Part C experiences in rural areas: Alignment with recommended practices. Journal of Early Intervention, 43(2), 155–175. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1053815120953484

Division for Early Childhood. (2014). DEC Recommended Practices. https://www.dec-sped.org/dec-recommended-practices

Division for Early Childhood. (2022). Position Statement on Ethical Practice. https://divisionearlychildhood.egnyte.com/dl/KAh4cOFBZ8

Dunst, C. J. (2015). Improving the design and implementation of in-service professional development in early childhood intervention. Infants and Young Children, 28(3), 210-219. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/IYC.0000000000000042

Dwyer, M. C. (2019). State of Maine needs assessment: Vulnerable children birth to age 5 and their families. https://www.maine.gov/doe/sites/maine.gov.doe/files/2021-03/FINAL%20Needs%20Assessment%201-6-20.pdf

Early Childhood Technical Assistance Center. (n.d.). Child find for young children with disabilities. https://ectacenter.org/topics/earlyid/earlyid.asp

Elpers, J., Lester, C., Shinn, J. B., & Bush, M. K. (2016). Rural family perspectives and experiences with early infant hearing detection and intervention: A qualitative study. Journal of Community Health, 41, 226–233. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-015-0086-1

Fleming, J. L., Sawyer, L. B., & Campbell, P. H. (2011). Early intervention providers’ perspectives about implementing participation-based practices. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 30(4), 233-244. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0271121410371986

Frazier, E. (2024). State Performance Plan/Annual Performance Report: Part C FFY 2021. https://legislature.maine.gov/doc/10772

Hajizadeh, N., Stevens, E. R., Applegate, M., Huang, K. Y., Kamboukos, D., Braithwaite, R. S., & Brotman, L. M. (2017). Potential return on investment of a family-centered early childhood intervention: a cost-effectiveness analysis. BMC public health, 17, 1-14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4805-7

Haring, K. A., & Lovett, D. L. (2001). Early intervention and early childhood services for families in rural settings. Rural Special Education Quarterly, 20(3), 3-11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/875687050102000302

IDEA Infant & Toddler Coordinators Association. (2024). 2023 Tipping Points Survey: System Challenges and Opportunities. https://www.ideainfanttoddler.org/pdf/2023-Tipping-Points-Survey.pdf

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. Public Law 108-446. (2004). 20 U.S.C. § 1400. https://sites.ed.gov/idea/statute-chapter-33/subchapter-iii

Kids Count Data Center. (2023). Kids Count data profile: [state]. https://www.aecf.org/interactive/databook?l=23

Kilmer, R. P., Cook, J. R., & Palamaro Munsell, E. (2010). Moving from principles to practice: Recommended policy changes to promote family-centered care. American Journal of Community, 46(3-4), 332-341. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10464-010-9350-9

Longhurst, J. (2022). Developing, utilizing, and critiquing definitions of “rural” in rural education research. In Azano, A. P., Eppley, K., & Biddle, C. (Eds.), The Bloomsbury handbook of rural education in the United States (pp. 1–18). Bloomsbury Academic. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5040/9781350172036.0008

McLean, C., Austin, L. J. E., Whitebook, M., & Olson, K. L. (2021). Early childhood workforce index 2020. Center for the Study of Childcare Employment. https://cscce.berkeley.edu/workforce-index-2020/report-pdf

McWilliam, R. A. (2010). Routines-based early intervention: Supporting young children and their families. Brookes Publishing.

Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldana, J. (2014). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook (3rd ed.). Sage.

Rabbitt, M. P., Hales, L. J., Burke, M. P., & Coleman-Jensen, A. (2023). Household food security in the United States in 2022 (Report No. ERR-325). U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32747/2023.8134351.ers

Roberts, H., Needelman, H., Jackson, B., McMorris, C., & Munyon, A. (2014). Effect of community size on eligibility for early intervention for infants with a neonatal intensive care experience. The Journal of Rural Health, 30(3), 259– 264. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jrh.12055

Showalter, D., Hartman, S., Eppley, S., Johnson, J., & Klein, B. (2023). Why rural matters 2023: Centering equity and opportunity. National Rural Education Association. https://www.nrea.net/why-rural-matters DOI: https://doi.org/10.55533/2643-9662.1441

Singh, R. L., Moody, E. J., Rigles, B., & Smith, E. B. (2019). What it takes to raise children with autism in a rural state. Advances in Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 3, 17–28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41252-018-0082-4

Smith, J., Swallow, V., & Coyne, I. (2015). Involving parents in managing their child’s long-term condition—A concept synthesis of family-centered care and partnership-in-care. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 30(1), 143–159. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2014.10.014

Spence, C. M., Rooks-Ellis, D. L., Brown Ruiz, A., Fish, L. A., Jones-Banahan, B., O’Grady C. E., & Sulinski, E. (2023). How early interventionists support families experiencing vulnerable circumstances: A closer look at family-centered practice. Children and Youth Services Review, 144, 106752. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2022.106752

Thier, M., Longhurst, J. M., Grant, P. D., & Hocking, J. E. (2021). Research deserts: A systematic mapping review of U.S. rural education definitions and geographies. Journal of Research in Rural Education, 37(2).

U.S. Census Bureau (2023a). Urban and rural. https://www.test.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/guidance/geo-areas/urban-rural.html

U.S. Census Bureau, (2023b). American Community Survey 5-Year Data (2009-2022). https://www.census.gov/data/developers/data-sets/acs-5year.html

U.S. Census Bureau, (2023c). 2020 Census Demographic Profile. https://maps.geo.census.gov/ddmv/map.html

U.S. Department of Agriculture. (2024). Rural-Urban Continuum Codes. https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/rural-urban-continuum-codes/documentation/

U.S. Department of Education. (2023). 44th Annual Report to Congress on the Implementation of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, 2022. Washington, D.C. https://sites.ed.gov/idea/2022-individuals-with-disabilities-education-act-annual-report-to-congress/

Workgroup on Principles and Practices in Natural Environments. (2008, March). Agreed upon mission and key principles for providing early intervention services in natural environments. http://ectacenter.org/~pdfs/topics/families/Finalmissionandprinciples3_11_08.pdf

Xu, Y., Ahn, H., & Bright, C. L. (2017). Family involvement meetings: Engagement, facilitation, and child and family goals. Children and Youth Services Review, 79, 37–43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.05.026

Xu, Y., Ahn, H., & Keyser, D. (2020). Measuring family-centered practice in child welfare. Families in Society, 101(2), 148–166. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1044389420907742

Downloads

Published

2024-11-01

How to Cite

Rooks-Ellis, D. L., & Spence, C. M. (2024). ‘So, this will do for you guys’: A closer look at Maine’s Part C rural service delivery. Journal of Childhood, Education & Society, 5(3), 359–370. https://doi.org/10.37291/2717638X.202453424